Theoretical aspects of x-ray standing wave method for investigation of thereal structure of crystals are considered in this review paper. Starting fromthe general approach of the secondary radiation yield from deformed crystalsthis theory is applied to different concreat cases. Various models of deformedcrystals like: bicrystal model, multilayer model, crystals with extendeddeformation field are considered in detailes. Peculiarities of x-ray standingwave behavior in different scattering geometries (Bragg, Laue) are analysed indetailes. New possibilities to solve the phase problem with x-ray standing wavemethod are discussed in the review. General theoretical approaches areillustrated with a big number of experimental results.
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